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【目的】为系统揭示聚酯型热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)软段化学结构对其超临界CO2发泡性能的影响，【方法】本研究选取软段分别为聚己二酸丁二醇酯(PBA)和聚己内酯(PCL)的两种脂肪族TPU为研究对象，采用差示扫描量热仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、冷场发射扫描电子显微镜等手段系统表征了软段亚甲基循环单元数量差异对TPU结晶行为及微相分离程度的影响规律，深入探究了两种TPU的超临界CO2发泡行为、泡孔结构演化规律及泡沫尺寸稳定性差异。【结果】结果表明：PBA软段的酯基密度与极性比PCL软段更高，其降低了PBA软段与六亚甲基二异氰酸酯硬段的相容性，诱导TPU形成更强的氢键网络和更高的微相分离程度，使硬段聚集结构的热稳定性显著提高，发泡温区较以PCL为软段的聚氨酯(PCL-TPU)整体向高温偏移10℃;以PBA为软段的聚氨酯(PBA-TPU)的泡孔成核位点更丰富，泡孔更细密，而PCL-TPU的有效发泡温区更宽，工艺适配性更优。【结论】本研究为发泡专用TPU的分子结构设计与工艺优化提供了理论依据。
Abstract：【Objective】To systematically reveal the effect of soft segment chemical structure on the supercritical CO2 foaming performance of polyester-based thermoplastic polyurethanes(TPU),【Methods】two aliphatic TPU with poly(butylene adipate)(PBA) and polycaprolactone(PCL) as soft segments respectively were selected as the research objects.The effects of the difference in methylene group count per soft segment repeating unit in the soft segments on the crystallization behavior and degree of microphase separation of the resulting TPUs were systematically characterized using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), cold field emission scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and other characterization methods. Furthermore, their supercritical CO2 foaming behavior, cell structure evolution and differences in foam dimensional stability were thoroughly examined. 【Results】The results demonstrated that poly(butylene adipate)-based soft segments exhibited higher ester group density and polarity than polycaprolactone-based soft segments, which reduced their compatibility with hexamethylene diisocyanate-derived hard segments. This promoted the formation of stronger hydrogen-bonded networks and a higher degree of microphase separation in PBA-TPU, significantly enhancing the thermal stability of hard segment aggregated structures. Consequently, the foaming temperature window of PBA-TPU exhibited an overall upward shift of 10 ℃ compared with PCL-TPU. PBA-TPU possessed more abundant cell nucleation sited and exhibited finer and denser cell. In contrast, PCL-TPU had a broader effective foaming temperature window and superior process adaptability. 【Conclusion】This study provides a theoretical basis for the molecular structure design and process optimization of foaming-specialized TPU.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TQ328.3
引用信息:
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2026-09-28
2026-09-28